Divya Kumari 08 Jul 2024 कहानियाँ दुःखद 63130 1 5 English :: English

cancer 
cancer is a condition in which cells in the body grow abnormally. Everyone has the potential to develop cancer from birth, but it is not contagious like an infection or cold. Certain factors can cause changes in DNA of cells, leading to uncontrolled growth. These factors include chronic irritation, exposure to tobacco, smoke, dust and radiation, age, sex, race ,gender and family history . Although many of these factors are beyond our control, some can be managed to reduce the risk of cancer.
Normally, cells grow in an organized and regulated manner. However, when cancer develops, a group of cells begins to multiply uncontrollably, forming abnormal lumps or tumours. Malignant tumours can continue to grow and spread to other parts of the body, making it difficult to treat.
There are nearly 200 types of cancer. Some of them are 
1. Breast cancer
2. Prostate cancer
3. Basal cell cancer(skin cancer)
4. Melanoma

    Let`s know about Breast cancer in detail
                          BREAST CANCER 
Breast cancer is a kind of cancer that begins with the growth of cells in the breast tissue.
After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed  in women. But breast cancer doesn`t just happen in women. Everyone is born with some breast tissue, so anyone can get breast cancer. 
Breast cancer survival rates have been increasing. And the number of people dying of breast cancer is steadily going down. Much of this is due to the widespread support for breast cancer awareness and funding for research. Advances in breast cancer screening allow healthcare professionals to diagnose breast cancer earlier.
Finding the cancer earlier makes it much more likely that the cancer can be cured. Even when breast cancer can`t be cured, many treatments exist to extend life. Discoveries in breast cancer research are helping healthcare professionals choose the most effective treatment plans.
Breast awareness alone cannot prevent breast cancer. However, it can help you to better understand the normal look and feel of your breasts. This can make it easier for you to notice any changes that may occur.
To reduce your risk of breast cancer, it is recommended that you drink alcohol in moderation, or not at all. 
It is also important to exercise regularly. Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days of the week. If you have not been active in a while, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare profession before beginning any exercise regimen.
     SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF BRAEST CANCER MAY INCLUDE 
. A breast lump or thickened area of skin that feels different from the surrounding tissue.
.A nipple that looks flattened or turns inward.
. Changes in the colour of the breast skin. In people with white skin, the breast skin  may look pink or red . In people with brown and black skin, the breast skin may look darker than the other skin on the chest or it may look red or purple.
.Change in the size, shape or appearance of a breast.
.Changes to the skin over the breast, such as skin that looks dimpled or looks like an orange peel.
Conclusion : If you notice any changes in your breast such as lump, peeling, scaling, crusting, or flaking of the skin, it is important to seek medical attention right away. Don`t wait for your next mammogram if you suspect there may be an issue. Even if a recent mammogram showed no signs of breast cancer,  any changes in your breast should be reported to a healthcare professionals. 
While the exact cause of most breast cancers is not known, researchers have identified certain factors that may increase the risk of developing the disease.    

       PROSTATE CANCER 
Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the prostate gland, which is small walnut shaped gland located below urinary bladder in males.
Prostate cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers, but the good news is that many prostate cancer cases grow slowly and remain confined to the prostate gland, causing no significant harm. However, some types of prostate cancer are more aggressive, spreading rapidly and demanding immediate treatment.
Early detection is the key to successful treatment of prostate cancer. When prostate cancer is detected early, while still confined to the prostate gland, it offers the best chance for successful treatment.
SYMPTOMS : Prostate cancer may not show any signs or symptoms during its initial stages. However, in the later stages, it may cause problems such as difficulty in urinating, a weak stream of urine, presence of blood in urine or semen, bone pain, unexpected weight loss, and erectile dysfunction.
CAUSE : Prostate cancer is caused by changes in DNA of cells in the prostate gland. The DNA carries instructions that control how the cells behave. When changes occur, the cells can start to grow and divide uncontrollably, forming a tumour. Overtime, some of the abnormal cells can break away and spread to other parts of the body, a process called metastasis. This can make the cancer more difficult to treat.
Certain factors can increase the risk of developing prostate cancer. These include:
. Age : The risk of prostate cancer increase with age, and it is most common among men over 50.
.Race : Black people are more likely to develop prostate cancer than people of other races. Additionally, prostate cancer in black people is more likely to be aggressive or advanced.
.Family history : If a close relative such as parents, sibling or child has been diagnosed with prostate cancer, the risk of developing the disease is higher.
.Obesity : People who are obese may have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer compared to individuals with a healthy weight. However, studies have shown mixed results. In obese individuals, the cancer is more likely to be aggressive and more likely to be aggressive and more likely to come after initial treatment.  
        BASAL CANCER (SKIN)
Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that affects the basal cells, a type of cell that produces new skin cells as old ones die off.  This cancer typically appears as a slightly transparent bump on the skin and usually occurs on areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun, such as your head and neck.
 Most cases of basal cell carcinoma are believed to be caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolent (UV) radiation from sunlight. To prevent this cancer, it`s  important to avoid sun during peak hours and use sunscreen whenever, you are outdoors. By taking these precautions, you can greatly reduce your risk of developing basal cells carcinoma.
Basal cells carcinoma typically occurs on areas of your body that are frequently exposed to sunlight, particularly your head and neck. Although it is less common, basal cell carcinoma can also develop on areas that are usually shielded from the sun, such as genitals.
The presence of basal cell carcinoma is indicated by changes in the skin, such as sore or growth that does not heal. These lesions on the skin usually have one of the following characters:
. A  bump that is shiny and skin-coloured, and is translucent enough to see through. On white skin, it may appear pearly white or pink, while on brown and black skin, it often looks or glossy black. You may also see tiny blood vessels, though these may be hard to spot on darker skin. The bump may bleed and scab over.
. A lesion that is brown, black or blue, or has dark spots, with a slightly raised, translucent boarder.
. A flat, scaly patch with a raised edge. These patches can become quite large over time.
. A white, waxy, scar-like lesion that does not have a clear border.
CAUSE:  Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that occurs when a basal cells in the skin develops a DNA mutation. Basal cells are located at the bottom of the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of skin. These cells are responsible for producing new skin cells. As new skin cells are formed, they push the older cells towards the skin`s surface. Eventually, the older cells die and fall off.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight and tanning lamps is believed to be a major cause  of DNA damage in basal cells. However, some skin cancers can develop in areas of the skin that are not typically exposed to sunlight. Therefore, there may be other factors that contribute to the development of basal cell carcinoma, and in some cases, the exact cause is unclear.
                        MELANOMA (SKIN)
Melanoma is type of skin cancer that begins in the melanocytes. These cells are responsible for producing the pigment melanin, which gives the skin its color. Melanoma usually develops on the areas of skin that are frequently exposed to the sun as the arms, back, face, and legs. It can also occur in the eyes, and in a rare cases, it may develop inside the body, such as in the nasal cavity or throat.
The exact cause of all melanomas remains unclear. However, it is widely believed that most melanomas are caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. This type of light also known as UV light, is emitted by sunlight or tanning lamps and beds. To reduce the risk of melanoma, it`s important to limit exposure to UV light.
It has been observed that the risk of melanoma is increasing in people under 40, particularly among women. To detect and treat cancerous changes before the cancer spreads, it`s important to be aware of the symptoms of skin cancer. If melanoma is detected early, it can be treated successfully.
The first signs and symptoms of melanoma are often related to changes in the skin. These changes can include the development of a new growth or alternation in the appearance of an existing mole. It`s important to note that melanoma does not always begins as a mole, and can occur on healthy skin too.
Melanoma symptoms can occur on any part of the body. However, they tend to be more common in areas that have had exposure to the sun, such as the arms,  back, face and legs. It`s crucial to be vigilant about any changes in your skin and to seek medical attention of you notice any unusual  growth or alternations in existing moles.
Typical moles are gradually uniform in color, appearing pink, tan, brown, or black. In  individuals with brown or black skin, typical moles are more likely to be dark brown or black. They have a distinct border that separates the mole from the surrounding skin, and they are usually oval or round, measuring less that 1/4 inch ( about 6 mm ) in diameter.